Speed governing pump



H.. C. EDWARDS Dec. 26, 1939.l

SPEED GQVERNING PUMP 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed` June 9, 1938 III IIII

Y 1 /4 i-lillll Dec. 26, 1939. H. c. EDwARbs S PEED GOVERN I NG PUMP Filed JuneQ, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 4km.. mw),

Patented Dec. 26, 1939 PATENT GFFICE SPEED GovEnNlNG PUMP Herbert C. Edwards, Massillon, Ohio, assigner to The Timken Roller Bearing Company, Canton, Ohio,` a corporation of Ohio Applicationv June 9, 1938, Serial No. 212,652'

11 Claims. (Cl. 123-140) This invention vrelates to speed regulating devices for internal combustion engines, particularly engines of the type having lfuel injection systems including a main 'fuel injection pump and an auxiliary pump for supplying fuel' to' the main pump. The principal object ofthe present invention is to utilize the discharge pressure of the supply pumps of such fuel injection systems for automatically controlling the speed of the engine at both idling and high speeds in all gthrottle positions. Other objects aresimplicity and economy of construction and compactness of design. 'I'he invention consists in the speed governing fuel supply pump and in the construction, combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification and.. wherein like symbolsA refer to like parts wherever they occur,

Fig. 1 is a vertical transverse section through a speed governing pump embodying my inven- Ition, the section being taken on the axis of the iltarzy pump mechanism on the line I-Iv in Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal' section on the line 2-2 in Fig. 1;

' Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section along the axis of the governor mechanism on the line 3--3 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line 4-4 in Fig. 3; and

Figs. 5 and 6 are horizontal sections on the lines 5-5 and 6 6, respectively; in Fig. 1.

The device illustrated in the accompanying drawings is adapted to be embodied in the fuel supply system of a compression ignition engine and constitutes a pump for supplying fuel to the injection pump of said system and a hydraulic governor for automatically regulating the speed of the engine by controlling the volume of fuel deliveredv thereto by said injection pump, of which only the reciprocatory fuel control rod A and the rotary cam shaft B are shown. Said device comprises a housing I containing. a suitable pump mechanism and a chamber 2 adapted to receive an extension of the cam shaft B. Said pump mechanism preferably comprises two uprights shafts 3 and I having intermeshing right and left-hand worms 5 and 6 in bearing contact with a bore 1-provided therefor in the housing I.

The lower portion of the upright shaft 3 is disposed alongside of the shaft extension B and has a helical gear 8 rigid therewith that intermeshes with and is driven Aby a similar gear 9 on said extension. The upper and lower ends of the worm shaft 3 are supported in roller bearings I0 provided therefor in the upper and lower ends of thehousing I; and the lower end of the other or shorter worm shaft Il turns on a removable seat II provided therefor in said housing. The lower ends of the intermeshing worms 5 and 6 work in an inlet chamber I2 which is formed in the housing at the lower end of the worm receiving bore 'I and is supplied vwith fuel through an inlet passageway I3 provided with a `w suitable ball check valve I4; and the upper end of said bore opens into the bottom of an outlet chamber I5 having an adjustable discharge orice I6. Located in the outlet chamber I5 is a horizontal sleeve I1, which extends through one 15 end wall of the housing I and abuts against the opposite end wall thereof where it is supported by an outlet fitting I8 that is threaded into said sleeve, rests in a bore provided therefor in said last mentioned end wall and is threaded exte- 2 0 riorly thereof to receive a conduit (not shown) for conveying the fuel to the injection pump. The fitting I8 is provided at its inner end with a tapered seat which cooperates with the tapered end. of a needle valve I9 to form the adjustable 25 discharge orifice I6. The needle valve I9 is threaded into the sleeve I1 through the exposed end thereof and is provided with a nut 2li for locking it in the desired position of axialadjustment. Communication is established between 30 the outlet chamber I5 and the outlet sleeve I1 by means of a port'or opening 2| in the latter.

Reciprocable in a horizontal bore 22 formed in the housing parallel to the axis of the sleeve I1 is a pressure responsive member or piston 23, 35 which cooperates with the inner end portion of said bore to form a chamber or 'cylinder 24 that communicates through an inclined passageway 25 with a vertical bore v2Ii'formed in the pump housing between and in communication with the out- '40 let chamber I5 and an overow chamber 21 that communicates through a passageway 28 with the inlet/chamber. The control rod A of the main or injection pump extends into the horizontal bore 22 of the housing I and is yieldably held in abut- 45 ting relation to the piston 23 therein by Imeans of a coil spring 29, one end of which bears against a seat A' provided therefor on the control rod 'and the other end of which is adapted to bear against a seat (not shown) provided therefor on 50 the adjacent end of the injection pump.

Mounted inthe vertical bore 26 that opens at its upper end into the outlet chamber I5 and.l at

its lower end into the overow chamber 21 is a sleeve 39 having a radial port 3| therein that 55 is' in continuous communication with the inclined passageway 25 leading from the cylinder constitutes a cylinder for a. piston 36 that is responsive to the pressure of the fuel in the outlet chamber I5. 'I'his piston has one or more radial ports 31 therein adapted to be brought into register with the port 3| in the sleeve 30. The piston 36 is suspended from the lower end of a coil tension spring 384 whose upper end is fixed to the lower yend of a screw 39, which is threaded through the upper portion of the housing I so as to regulate the tension of said spring and is locked in the desired position of adjustment by means of a packing nut 39a.

By the arrangement described., the pumping effect produced by the rotating worms 5 and 6 unseats the inlet valve I4 and draws fuel through the intake passageway I3 into the inlet chamber I2. The fuel is then transferred by the upwardly advancing intermeshing threads of the two worms from the inlet chamber I 2 into the outlet chamber I5 where it is forced into the needle valve supporting sleeve I1 through the port 2l therein and is thence discharged through the adjustable discharge orifice I6 into the outlet fitting I8 which forms part of the conduit leading to the fuel injection pump.

.i The piston 36 in the cylinder 30 is also subjected to the pressure of the fuel in the outlet chamber I5 so that, when the speed of the supply pump increases due to an increase in engine speed, the pressure in said outlet chamber also i increases, thereby forcing said piston downwardly in said cylinder against the tension of its supporting spring 38. When such pressure is suf- Acient to movethe piston 36 downwardly far enough to bring the upper end thereof below the upper edge of the port 3I of the cylinder 30, communication yis established between the outlet chamber I5 and the control rod operating cylinder 24 through` the passageway 25, thereby causing the pressure to act on the piston 23 and force the control rod A axially in the direction of reduced fuel feed against the pressure of the spring 29 and cut down the Volume of fuel delivered to the engine by the injection pump.

When the speed ofthe engine decreases, the

thereby reducing th`e pressure in the outlet chamber and permitting the spring 38 to raisel the piston 36-and cut off communication between the outlet chamber I5 and the control rod operating cylinder 24 and establish communication between said cylinder and the overflow chamber 21 through the passageway 25 and ports 3| and 3'I and thus permit the spring 29 to move the control rod A in the direction of maximum fuel feed. Thus, as the load on the engine varies, there is a corresponding variation in the pressure of thefuel in the outlet chamber of the fuel supply pump and in the volume of fuel fed to the'engine by the injection pump, thereby maintaining apredetermined constant engine'speed. The governor may be-set for the desired engine speed or the engine manually controlled by operating the'control shaft 32 toshift the sleeve 30 axiallyl ofthe piston therein and thus vary the relative positions ofthe ports 3l and 31. .The

speed ofv the rotary pump is also decreased,r

size of the discharge orince I6 may be adjusted to suit the tested characteristics of the engine by means of the needle valve I9 which is then locked in the desired position of adjustment; and the piston supporting spring 38 may be initially set at the desired tension by means of the adjusting screw 39.'

What I claim is: l l

1. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a fuel pump operable Aby the engine and having outlet and overflow chambers and a cylinder, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, spring means for urging said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a pressure responsive member in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuelfeed, and means operable by a predetermined pressure of fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between therlatter and said cylinder and thus actuate said pressure responsive member and move said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed and operable when the pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber'falls below saidpredetermined pressure to establish communication l between said cylinder and said overflow chamber to thereby relieve the pressure in said cylinder and thus cause said spring means to move said control member in the 4direction of maximum fuel feed.

2. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a fuel pump operable by the engine and having inlet and outlet chambers and a cylinder, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, spring means for urging said control member in the direction of maximum fuel y feed, a pressure responsive member in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed, and a second pressure responsive member for establishing communication between saidoutlet chamber and'said cylinder or between the latter and said inlet chamber, said second mentioned pressure responsive member being operable by a predetermined pressure of fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between the latter and said cylinder to thereby actuate the pressure responsive member therein to move said control member in a direction which will reduce the supply of fuel fed to the engine, said second pressure responsive member being adapted when the presj sure of the-fuel in the discharge chamber falls below said predetermined pressure to establish communication between said cylinder and saidv inlet chamber, thereby relieving the pressure on the pressure responsive member in said cylinder 'and thus cause said: spring means to move saidA control member in a direction that will increase z the amount of fuel supplied to the engine.

3. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a speed controlling fuel pump operable by the engine and having inlet, outlet and. overflow chambers and a cylinder, a member f for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, f yieldable means for moving said control member in the direction of 'maximum fuel feed, a piston in said cylinder for moving said control memberv in the direction of minimum fuel feed, `a second cylinder communicating at one end with said outlet chamber and at the other end with said.r

overflow chamber and intermediate said ends with said first mentioned cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder operable by a predetermined maximum pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between the latter and said first mentioned fcylindery to. thereby actuate the piston therein and 'move said control -member in the direction of minimum fuel feed, and means operableat a predetermined minimum pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to actuate the piston in said second cylinder and cut off communication between said cylinders and establish communication between said f'lrst mentioned cylinder and said overow chamber tothereby relieve thepressure on the;

piston in .said first mentioned cylinder and thus permit said yieldable means to move saidl control. member in the `direction of maximum fuel feed.

4. Inra fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a speed controlling fuel pump operable by thev engine and having inlet, outlet andoverow chambers and a cylinder, said outlet chamber having an adjustable discharge orifice, a member for controllingthe feed of fuel to the engine, yieldable means for moving said control member in the direction if maximum fuel feed, a

' piston in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed, a second cylinder communicating at one end with said outlet chamber and at the other end with said overflow chamber and intermediate said ends with said first mentioned cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder operable by a predetermined maximum pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between i mentioned cylinder and said overflow chamber to thereby relieve the pressure on the piston in said first mcntloned.cylinder and thus permit said yieldable means to move said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, and manually operable means for adjusting said second cylinder axially of the piston therein.

-5. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a fuelinjection pump including a shaftdriven by the engine, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine and yieldable means for moving said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a pump driven by said shaft for supplying fuel to said injection pump, said supply pump having inlet, outlet and overflow chambers and a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed,

' a second cylinder communicating at one end with said outlet chamber and at the other end with said overflow chamber and intermediate said ends with said first mentioned cylinder,' a piston in said second oylinder-operable by a predetermined pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between the latter and said rst mentioned cylinder to thereby actuate the piston therein and move said control member inthe direction of minimum fuel feed, and means operable at a predetermined pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to actuate the piston in said second cylinder and cut off communication between said cylinders and establish communication between said rfirst mentioned cylmeans to move said control member in' the directionA of maximum fuel feed.

6. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a speed, controlling fuel pump operable by the engine and having inlet, outlet and overflow chambers and a cylinder, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, a spring for moving said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a piston in said' cylinder for moving said control member against the pressure of said spring in the .direction of minimum fuel feed, a second cylinder communieating at one end with said overflow chamber and at its other end with said outlet chamber and intermediate said ends with said first mentioned cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder operable by relatively high pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between said cylinders and to cut off communication between said first mentioned'cylinder and said overow chamber, -and a spring operable during a relatively low pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to move the piston in said second cylinder to cut off communication between said cylinders and to establish communication between said first mentioned cylinder and said overfiow chamber.

7. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a speed controlling fuel pump operable by the engine and having inlet, outlet and overflow chambers anda cylinder, said outlet chamber having an adjustable discharge orifice, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, a spring for moving said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a piston in said cylinder for moving said control member against the pressure of said spring in the direction of minimum fuel feed, a second cylinder communicating at one end with said overflow chamber and at its other end with said outlet chamber and intermediate said ends with said first mentioned' cylinder, a piston in said second cylinder operable by relatively high pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between said cylinders and to cut off communication between said first mentioned cylinder and said overflow chamber, a spring operable during a relatively low pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to move the piston in said second cylinder to cut off communication between said cylinders and to establish communication between said first mentioned cylinder and said overflow chamber, means for adjusting the tension of said last mentioned spring, and manually operable means for adjusting said second cylinder axially ofthe piston therein.

8. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a speed controlling fuel pump comprising a housing having inlet, outlet and overflow chambers, a bore communicating at one end with said overfiow chamber and at the other end with said outlet chamber, a cylinder and a passageway communicating with said bore d cylinder, a rotary pump mechanism operabl by the engine and communicating atits inlet end with said inlet chamber and at its outlet end with said outlet chamber, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, a spring for moving said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a piston in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed, a sleeve' in said bore and having a port in communication withsaid passageway, a piston reciprocable in said sleeve and having a port communicating with said overfiow chamber and adapted to register with the port in said sleeve, and a spring operable during a l relativelylow pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to hold said piston in a position wherein communication is cut olf between said outlet chamber and the port in said sleeve and the port in said piston communicates with the port in said overflow chambers, a bore communicating at one end with said overow chamber and at the other end with said outlet chamber, a cylinder and a passageway communicating with said bore and cylinder, a rotary pump mechanism operable by the engine and communicating at its inlet endwith said inlet chamber and at its outlet end with said outlet chamber, a member for controlling the feed of fuel to the engine, a spring for moving said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a piston in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed, a sleeve in said bore and having a port in communication with said passageway, a piston reciprocable in said sleeve and having a port communicating with said overow chamber and adapted to register with the port in said sleeve, a spring operable during a relatively low pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to hold said piston in a position wherein communication is cut oif between said outlet chamber and the port in said sleeve and the port in said piston communicates with the port in said sleeve to thereby establish communication between said cylinder and said overflow chamber through said ports and said passageway, said piston beingv operable by a relatively high pressureof the fuelin said outlet chamber to move against the tension of said spring to thereby uncover the port in said sleeve and thus establish communication between said outlet chamber and said cylinder through said passageway, means for adjusting the tension of said spring, and means for adjusting said sleeve axially to vary the relative positions ofthe ports in said sleeve and the piston therein.

10. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a speedcontrolling fuelpump comprising a housing having inlet and overflowchambers, an outlet chamber having an adjustable discharge orifice, a bore communicating at one end with said overflow chamber and at the otherI end with said outlet chamber, a cylinder and a passageway communicating with 'said bore` and cylinder, a rotary pump mechanism operable by said engine and communicating at its inlet end With said inlet chamber and at itsV ouelet end with said outlet chamber, a member for controlling the feed ofv fuel to the engine, a spring for moving said control member in the direction of maximum fuel feed, a piston in said cylinder for moving said control member in the direction of minimum fuel feed, asleeve in said bore and having a port in continuous communication with said passageway, a piston reciprocable in said sleeve and having a port adapted to register with the port invsaid sleeve, a spring adapted to yieldably hold said pistonin a position wherein communication is cut off between said` outlet chamber and the port in said sleeve and the port in the piston communicates with the port in said sleeve, said piston being operable by a predetermined pressure of the fuel vin said outlet chamber to move against the tension' of said spring and place the port in said sleeve in communicationv with said outlet chamber, a sleeve located in said outlet chamber and in communication therewith, an outlet fitting threaded into said sleeve, and a needle valve mounted in said sleeve and cooperating with said tting to form said adjustable discharge orifice.

11. In a fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine, a fuel injection pump operable by said engine and including a member for controlling the feed of fuel thereto, a pump operable by said injection pump for supplying fuel thereto, said supply pump having an inlet chamber, an outlet chamber leading to said injection direction of minimum fuel feed, and means oper-A able by a predetermined pressure of the fuel in said outlet chamber to establish communication between the latter and said cylinder vand thusY actuate said piston and move said control member in the direction'of reduced fuel feed and operable at a pressure below said predetermined' pressure to' establish communication rbetween said cylinder and said overflow chamber to-thereby relieve'the pressure in said cylinder and thus permit said control member to move in the ,direcvtion of increased fuel feed.

HERBERTy C. A-isDWAR-Ds. f Y 

